How to introduce cats to each other: a step-by-step guide

Cats aren't always social, outgoing creatures (who can blame them?), but sometimes they'll have to meet other cats.

You may need to introduce a new kitten to your home or foster a cat for a short while. Either way, your cat should be well-prepared for social situations.

There are a few common challenges pet owners often face when introducing cats, like aggression and stress, but by staying prepared, you can avoid most of them.

Learn how to make your new cats besties and maintain harmony in your home.

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Preparing for the introduction

Good preparation is a key part of introducing cats - you don't want to throw yourself or your cats into the deep end. Generally, you should:

Create separate spaces

Cats like their alone time and sometimes need space. This will allow your cats to get to know each other at their own pace and will avoid territorial aggression.

Gather supplies

Separate litter boxes, food bowls, toys and beds are important for cats to have their own space. Sharing these can lead to territorial fights, so make sure you get a set for each cat first.

Learn body language

Take time to learn about cat body language to recognise early signs of aggression, anxiety or stress. This is a sign to separate your cats or change something in the environment to calm them down.

Happy cats are more open to sharing their space and getting along with others too.

Step-by-step process to introduce cats

1. The scent swap

As you know, scent is an essential part of communication for most mammals. Cats need to scent swap when being introduced as this is the most effective way to learn about each other.

Cats use smell to gather information and become accustomed to a new cat's presence; they need scents to feel comfortable.

There are a few ways to do this, but it's easiest with something like a clean cloth. Stroke one cat with the cloth and then use the same cloth to stroke your other cat. This makes both cats more comfortable as they're familiar with their scent.

Similarly, you can do things like swapping bedding or using a cloth to rub a cat's scent in the other cat's living areas.

You must be gradual about this - it can take a bit of time for each cat to get used to each other's scent. Monitor how they behave around one another to understand how it's going.

2. Controlled visual introduction

Once they're used to each other's scent, it's time to introduce them visually. Try to do this behind some baby gates or glass doors to maintain separation.

If they react positively, move on to the next step. If it's negative, then they'll need some more time.

3. Supervised interaction

Next, they get to meet face-to-face. Make sure this is a short, supervised meeting, and be prepared if there's any aggressive behaviour.

The main way to prevent cat fights is to take this step slowly and provide plenty of space for them.

4. Full integration

If the above steps are successful, you're ready for full integration. Encourage playtime and cohabitation, and monitor interactions to see where things are going well and where things aren't.

Usually, you can train cats with positive reinforcement to prevent negative interactions at this stage.

Generally, let things play out, respond to the signals your cats are giving you and don't try to force things.

Common mistakes to avoid

• Allowing cats to interact with each other unsupervised too early. This is the last introduction stage, so don't rush.

• Choosing an unfamiliar environment for introductions. Pick their home as unfamiliar environments already cause stress; you need your cats to learn about each other where they live.

• Moving food bowls too closely together causes competition and stress. Move them as far apart as possible as cats like to eat alone.

• Introducing cats too quickly makes them feel threatened and causes aggression. Keep things slow and gradual.

• Introducing cats using carriers is a bad idea. Cats have nowhere to retreat to, meaning it'll cause anxiety, stress and aggression.

What to do if it doesn’t work out

Introductions don't always go as planned even if you do nothing wrong.

Signs that an introduction isn't going well include aggressive behaviour like hissing, resource guarding and visible signs of anxiety and stress.

We recommend you consult your vet or a behaviourist if you're struggling. Pet behaviour can get complex, and a professional's opinion can make all the difference.

You may need to adjust your cat's living arrangements or use specialised training. Our guide on training and calming aggressive cats can help too.

Benefits of a multi-cat household

A multi-cat household benefits cats and their owners with increased companionship, better mental health and more support.

Better mental health

Cats who enjoy the company of others are less stressed and tend to engage less in harmful stress-relieving behaviour like overgrooming and excessive scratching.

Mental stimulation

Having more than one cat means more opportunities for them to get mentally stimulated - there's plenty of chances to play, explore and chase with each other.

Improved socialisation

Cats who struggle with socialisation soon learn this behaviour from other cats. This is especially true for kittens.

Stay prepared with cat insurance

Overall, a bit of patience and understanding goes a long way when introducing cats to each other.

No matter how your cat handles their new furry family member, it's important to cover them both with cat insurance.

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FAQs

How long does it take to introduce cats to each other?

It depends. Usually, it takes anywhere from one or two weeks to a few months. A lot relies on the cat's personality, age and history.

What if my cats start fighting during the introduction?

Your action plan should be:

• Separate your cats immediately

• Don't punish them

• Use positive reinforcement training once they are calm

• Re-try introductions when they're calmer

• Consult your vet or a behaviourist if it continues

Can I introduce two cats without separate rooms?

Yes, but you'll still need to keep them separated early on. You can use things like baby gates, room dividers and close supervision instead.