Dog anal gland infections, explained

As pet parents, we sometimes have to navigate less-than-glamorous health issues with our furry friends. One such issue is an anal gland infection in dogs, a condition that's not only uncomfortable for your pet but also a bit daunting for you.

In this article, we'll explore what dog anal gland infections are, their symptoms, and the treatment options.

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Quick steps: what to do if you suspect an infection right now

1. Check for signs: A pungent, fish-like odour is often the most noticeable.

2. Check behaviour: Scooting, tail-chasing and obsessive licking are all signs.

3. Examine the area: Look for redness, bleeding or swelling in the area.

4. Limit damage: Apply an Elizabethan collar if you have one to stop excessive licking.

5. See a vet: They’re the best for treatment and long-term health recommendations.

What exactly are the anal glands?

Anal glands, or anal sacs, are two small structures located on either side of your dog's anus. These glands typically empty when your dog poops, producing secretions that dogs use for scent marking.

This unique smell helps dogs to identify each other and is just one of the many ways your pet communicates. But sometimes these glands can become impacted or infected, leading to discomfort and health issues.

Common anal gland issues in dogs

Anal gland issues can range from impaction, where the ducts that drain the glands are blocked, to inflammation (known as sacculitis), which may involve infection.

In some cases, impaction and infection can progress to abscessation. This is a more severe condition where the glands become filled with pus and may rupture.

Cancer of the anal glands is possible in older dogs, but it’s relatively rare.

Symptoms of anal gland infections in dogs

Identifying an anal gland infection early can spare your dog discomfort. Here are a few clinically recognised signs of anal gland issues in dogs:

• A strong fishy odour.

• Anal gland discharge seen near their rear.

• Bleeding if an abscess has occurred and ruptured.

• Licking or biting near the tail or rear end.

• Red or irritated tail area or anus.

• Rubbing their backs on objects.

• Scooting or dragging their bottom on the ground.

• Sitting discomfort.

• Struggling or straining during bathroom breaks.

• Tail chasing.

But the number-one symptom is often that distinctive fishy smell - you won’t miss it.

If your dog shows any of these symptoms, it's time for a vet visit. Even if it's not an issue with anal glands, it could be a sign of something else.

Could it be something else?

These symptoms don’t always mean it’s an infected anal gland in dogs or an inflamed anal gland. These symptoms could also mean:

• A growth or tumour.

• An injury.

• Allergies.

• Digestive problems.

• Fleas.

• Parasite issues, like tapeworms.

Treatment options for anal gland issues

The treatment for anal gland issues in dogs varies depending on the severity of the condition.

Here's a breakdown of potential treatments your vet might recommend:

Mild anal gland issues (impaction, minor inflammation)

The most common treatment for mild anal gland issues is expressing, or emptying, the glands. Trained groomers sometimes do this, but we recommend seeing a vet if you suspect your dog's dealing with any sort of discomfort. Visiting a vet is usually safer for symptomatic dogs, to rule out infection and discuss ongoing management options.

Moderate anal gland issues (infection, significant inflammation)

If there's an infection, your vet will probably prescribe antibiotics to combat it. Anti-inflammatory medications might also be used to reduce swelling and discomfort. You might be given medications to give orally at home, though sometimes antibiotic and anti-inflammatory ointments can be infused into the anal sacs.

Applying warm compresses can soothe the area and help with inflammation (usually for 5-10 minutes, twice or three times a day) - if your dog will tolerate this.

Severe cases (abscess, chronic issues)

In severe cases, such as when there's an abscess or recurrent issues, surgery may be necessary. This could involve draining and flushing out an abscess or, in very chronic and severe cases, removing the anal glands entirely. Cancer affecting an anal gland may be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

The key is early detection and treatment to prevent escalation of the problem. Regular vet check-ups and monitoring your dog for signs of discomfort can help catch anal gland issues early, making them easier to manage!

When to see a vet immediately

You must see a vet as soon as possible if your dog’s anal gland abscess bursts. It looks like a small, open hole that may leak blood and pus. A burst anal gland abscess will be very painful for your pet.

This may cause you to panic, and it’s a really hard thing to go through, but stay calm and give your vet a call. Get your dog examined as soon as possible so that treatment can be started promptly.

What should I do if my dog’s anal gland bursts at home?

• Clean the area (if possible) - Use warm water and a clean cloth to dab it clean.

• Don’t squeeze the gland - This is best done by a professional, as improper expression leads to bigger issues down the line.

• Prevent licking (if possible) - Only do this if you have an Elizabethan collar and you’re comfortable with putting your dog in one.

• See a vet ASAP

What makes a dog prone to getting anal sac disorders?

Research points to several risk factors that can play a significant role:

• Breed

• Diarrhoea

• Diet/dietary changes

• Obesity

• Skin problems

A lot of these risk factors make sense. When your dog has diarrhoea, their stool may not be bulky enough to press against and empty the glands as it passes through. And if they are dealing with skin irritations, they might be more prone to licking that area and creating an infection.

If your dog is excessively licking an area and has an anal gland issue, they’ll need to wear an Elizabethan collar while they wait for treatment to work.

But...your dog's breed? It seems a bit unfair, doesn't it?

Here are some breeds impacted most (no pun intended) by anal sac disorders.

Breeds prone to anal sac disorders

According to research by the Royal Veterinary College, some breeds seem to get the short end of the stick when it comes to anal sac issues. Here are a few:

• Cavalier King Charles Spaniels

• Cockapoos

• Dachshunds

• Poodles

Additionally, flat-faced (brachycephalic) breeds, particularly the Shih Tzu, exhibit a notably higher risk—about 2.6 times more compared to long-skulled breeds like Collies.

Some larger breeds actually show a reduced likelihood of encountering anal sac disorders. These breeds are:

• Boxers

• German Shepherds

• Lurchers

So, does this mean your poodle is doomed to get repeat anal gland infections? Not necessarily.

How to prevent your dog from getting anal gland issues

Whether you're dealing with regular anal gland issues in your dog or you're dealing with it for the first time, one thing's for sure: nobody wants a repeat. So how can you prevent your dog from developing anal issues in the future? Here are a few tips:

Diet changes

Make sure your dog has a balanced, high-quality diet. A good diet supports regular bowel movements, which is crucial for healthy anal glands.

Your vet might recommend adding more fibre to their diet, which can help firm up stools and allow for more effective emptying of the anal glands during defecation. Fibre supplements designed specifically for dogs are usually best. This allows you to dose your pet accurately.

Many of these products also contain probiotics to help improve digestion and stool quality even further. Some pet parents also choose to give their pets extra veggies as treats, but just make sure you don’t overdo it - too many could cause stomach upsets and an unbalanced diet.

Exercise

Regular exercise helps maintain a healthy digestive system and can prevent constipation, another factor that can contribute to anal gland issues.

Grooming and hygiene

Regular grooming, including checking the anal area, can help you spot any signs of infection or inflammation early.

Hydration

Encourage your dog to drink plenty of water. Proper hydration helps maintain regular bowel movements.

Regular veterinary check-ups

Schedule routine visits to your vet. These check-ups can catch early signs of anal gland issues before they become more serious.

Weight management

Keep your dog at a healthy weight. Obesity can increase the risk of anal gland problems.

None of these tips is earth-shattering; they all fall in line with raising your pup to be happy and healthy, and you're probably already doing them. But a few tweaks to their diet or a couple of additional grooming appointments could make all the difference. Ask your vet for their take.

How much does it cost to get an anal gland expressed at the vets?

According to 32 UK vets, getting a dog’s anal glands expressed costs £34.10 on average in 2026.

While dog anal gland infections are certainly not a highlight of pet ownership, understanding and promptly addressing this issue can help keep your dog comfortable and healthy.

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Frequently asked questions

Can a dog’s anal gland infection heal on its own?

No - they need medical attention. The infection needs professional treatment, including prescription medications. Leaving it untreated can make things worse long-term, leading to abscessation and rupture.

Why does my dog’s breath smell like fish?

There are numerous reasons why your dog’s breath can smell worse than usual, but if it smells particularly fishy, it could be an anal gland issue. Anal gland problems lead to excessive bottom licking, and the fishy smell can transfer to their breath.

Can I express my dog's anal glands at home?

We wouldn’t recommend it. Some pet parents can feel like they can do it, but a vet needs to take a look at it and perform the procedure. It helps them spot deeper issues, and improper technique can lead to ruptures.

Can anxiety cause anal gland issues?

It’s possible. Dogs who are anxious and stressed are more likely to suffer from anal gland problems.